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<div><ul>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Wilfred_Pinfold.png|thumb|none|370px|link=Wilfred Pinfold|<center>Wilfred Pinfold, CEO, <br /> Urban Systems]]</center> </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:skip_newberry.jpg|thumb|none|370px|link=Skip Newberry|<center>Skip Newberry, President and CEO, <br /> Technology Associates of Oregon]]</center> </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Wilfred_Pinfold.png|thumb|none|370px|link=Wilfred Pinfold|<center>Wilfred Pinfold, CEO, <br /> Urban Systems]]</center> </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:skip_newberry.jpg|thumb|none|370px|link=Skip Newberry|<center>Skip Newberry, President and CEO, <br /> Technology Associates of Oregon]]</center> </li>
</ul></div>
 
<gallery widths=350px heights=350px perrow=7>
File:Wilfred_Pinfold.png|[[Wilfred Pinfold]]
File:skip_newberry.jpg|360px|a link to [[Help:Contents]]
File:Wilfred_Pinfold.png|[[Wilfred Pinfold]]
File:skip_newberry.jpg|360px|alt=An example image. It has flowers
File:Wilfred_Pinfold.png|'''[[Wilfred Pinfold]]'''
File:skip_newberry.jpg|360px|<center>'''Links to external website'''</center>|link=https://example.com
File:Wilfred_Pinfold.png|link=w:Main_Page|Internal link
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<!--{{#display_map: {{#coordinates:45.650941, -122.763663|directional=yes|dms}}; {{#coordinates:45.542691, -122.477659|directional=yes|dms}} }}
 
{{#display_map: center=Berlin | geojson=Berlin}}
 
 
<display_map height="150px" scrollwheelzoom="off" service="leaflet">
  Gent, Belgie~The city Ghent~Ghent is awesome~ ~ ~Ghent
  Brussel~The city Brussel~The capital of Belgium~ ~ ~Brussels
  Antwerp~The city Antwerp~ ~ ~ ~Antwerp
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This is a way to cite <ref>{{Cite | National Risk Index}}</ref> documents <ref>{{Cite | A theory of human motivation}}</ref> in text.
 
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[[Category:Municipality]]
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File:The Last Supper - Leonardo Da Vinci - High Resolution 32x16.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|alt=''The Last Supper'' by Leonardo da Vinci - Clickable Image|Image map example. Clicking on a person in the picture causes the browser to load the appropriate article.
File:The Last Supper - Leonardo Da Vinci - High Resolution 32x16.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|alt=''The Last Supper'' by Leonardo da Vinci - Clickable Image|Image map example. Clicking on a person in the picture causes the browser to load the appropriate article.


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poly 195 590 1430 590 1430 626 195 626 [[Main Page|Basic Building Services Infrastructure]]
poly 195 590 1430 590 1430 626 195 626 [[Main Page|Basic Building Services Infrastructure]]
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==Objective==
This section explores how the next generation of smart building operations, functionality and maintenance is utilizing the (IoT) internet of things to operate at full interconnectivity, functionality and efficiency. Smart building, operations, functionality and maintenance capabilities cut energy consumption and CO2 emissions, reduce maintenance costs and extend equipment lifetime. Various systems offer actionable insights, drive fewer complaints from occupants, decrease the need for unscheduled maintenance and reduce energy costs and carbon footprint. In time of pandemic or other extreme events, smart buildings may offer autonomous operation.
For many people, the idea of a SMART building creates and implies an image of a building with complex IoT applications that can only be understood, integrated and operated by a cadre of a highly trained facility, IT, and project management professionals. A similar apprehension existed with the first generation of buildings with BAS (Building Automation System)— i.e. an intelligent system of both hardware and software, connecting heating, venting and air conditioning system (HVAC), lighting, security, and other systems to communicate on a single platform. Most larger buildings today have a BAS system for significant energy saving and operational benefits it provides.
An introduction of AI systems now expands the operational capabilities and even suggests the possibility of fully autonomously operated buildings, connecting with and responding to the signals from the grid.
==Smart Building Operations==
===The difference between BAS and the smart, connected building operations===
The difference between BAS and smart building operations is the ability to gather data, analyze and diagnose problems from multiple data input sources. Building automation systems (BAS) help facility owners conserve energy and optimize performance with controls that allow for examples like scheduling, occupancy and maintaining set-points. Smart building operations are a step ahead from this, and represent a facility's ability to gather the data and change operational outcomes accordingly. The key is data acquisition, analytics, and diagnostics.
The transition to smart operations does not have to occur all at once but can be gradual and phased. For owners with a robust, and at some levels integrated BAS in their facilities today, transitioning to a smart building environment will be easier to accomplish.
The very first step is to install smart meters that can provide near-real-time energy usage data showing energy consumption, and in some cases, at what cost. This on its own has the advantage of improving a building operator's insights to save energy, reducing the carbon footprint, improving the longevity of equipment and reducing costs. Smart meters offer utility monitoring opportunities on a more granular basis toward the conservation of our natural resources. The systematic tracking and optimization of building energy consumption with visual dashboards can also help not only to change the behavior of building occupants but also connect and make the building responsive to the price and demand signals from the grid as connected buildings. Blueprint Chapter 6 – Interfacing with City Services and Utilities provides further explanation.
===The building operation KPI’s===
How do we evaluate the effectiveness of the building operations? The KPI’s for the building operation are:
*Lower energy performance gap: building operation presents several inefficiencies compared to project conditions that lead to an energy performance gap. This gap can be reduced by monitoring systems.
*Lower maintenance and replacement costs: smart-ready services reduce maintenance and replacement costs since they permit to prevent or detect faults and failures.
Using the holistic H-KPI framework1, provides a more comprehensive view, enables aggregation and normalization of smart building indicators, and allows  better quantification and comparison of operations in different types of buildings, The H-KPI;s use three levels: Level 1- technology, Level 2- infrastructure and level 3 – benefits.
The  interactions across the three levels of analysis is a central component of the H-KPI methodology. For example, sensors deployed at Level 1 inform the building management infrastructures at Level 2. The benefits of deploying the smart controls are then manifested at level 3.
<imagemap>
File:Smart Buildings A Foundation.jpg|thumb|1000px|center|<div style='text-align: center;'>'''Figure 1: Operational and Energy Savings'''</div>
rect 103 95 265 206 [[Lower Maintenance|Lower Maintenance]]
rect 404 95 637 206 [[Energy Cost Savings|Energy Cost Savings]]
rect 728 53 875 206 [[Health and Wellbeing|Health and Wellbeing]]
rect 952 95 1205 206 [[Environmental Quality|Environmental Quality]]
rect 118 319 1328 377 [[Smart Building Benefits|Smart Building Benefits]]
rect 323 495 453 602 [[Traffic Map|Traffic Map]]
rect 512 490 799 658 [[Building O&M+ Energy Management|Building O&M+ Energy Management]]
rect 954 490 1188 658 [[Air Quality Management|Air Quality Management]]
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rect 490 875 695 920 [[HVAC Energy|HVAC Energy]]
rect 490 920 695 965 [[Humidity Sensors|Humidity]]
rect 490 965 695 1010 [[Temperature|Temperature]]
rect 490 1010 695 1055 [[Particulates|Particulates]]
rect 490 1055 695 1100 [[Noise|Noise]]
rect 490 1100 695 1145 [[Traffic|Traffic]]
rect 910 865 1045 910 [[LPWAN|LPWAN]]
rect 950 910 1045 960 [[WiFi|WiFi]]
rect 970 960 1045 1010 [[5G|5G]]
rect 990 1010 1045 1060 [[IP|IP]]
rect 1350 855 1600 980 [[Level 1 Technology|Level 1 Technology]]
rect 1350 495 1600 635 [[Level 2 Infrastructure Services|Level 2 Infrastructure Services]]
rect 1350 120 1600 280 [[Level 3 Community Benefits|Level 3 Community Benefits]]
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==Level 1-Technologies==
The first step is to install sensors to monitor building performance in real-time. Sensors provide data to a one or more processing units that uses that information to drive heating and cooling equipment as well as actuators, dampers, fans and other components to control a building's operation. They are capable of collecting environmental and operational data of buildings and reacting to the collected information in real time. They are the front end of smart building systems.


From a data standpoint, a commercial building is a complex business with diverse needs. The right combination of sensors in an integrated network is worth much more than the sum of its parts, with significant value for predictive maintenance, operational efficiency, downtime reduction, environment stabilization, and occupant comfort1. The following are the type of sensors found in smart buildings:


<div id="Pressure Sensors">'''Pressure Sensors:'''</div> AHUs, chillers, and boilers all need pressure sensors to monitor pressure in ducts, condensers, and evaporators, and water supplies. High or low pressure readings are an invaluable predictor of leaks, pump failures, locked rotors, clogs, and other mechanical failures. They’ll provide proof of flow and can be used as a control point for things like fan speeds or air flow through duct work. You’ll also be able to monitor building zone pressure to regulate the inflow of outside air.
<div id="Humidity Sensors">'''Humidity Sensors:'''</div> Many facilities have precise environmental humidity requirements — laboratories, libraries, manufacturing plants, et cetera — due to the materials or processes housed within them. Even in office and residential buildings, however, humidity regulation is a critical component of occupant comfort. Humidity sensors within air handling units help you determine how much outside air you need to introduce into the building and keep you timely in your response when RH is exiting the desired range.
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Latest revision as of 23:45, January 21, 2024

  • Wilfred Pinfold, CEO,
    Urban Systems
  • Skip Newberry, President and CEO,
    Technology Associates of Oregon
  • Wilfred Pinfold, CEO,
    Urban Systems
  • Skip Newberry, President and CEO,
    Technology Associates of Oregon


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